Whether renovating your home or building out a new commercial space, flooring selection is an important decision that sets the tone for the entire project. Medium density fiberboard (MDF) offers an affordable option for interior applications and is commonly used as the core material in laminate flooring. However, its unique composition also comes with some limitations compared to other materials. In this article, we will provide an overview of MDF flooring, exploring its key features, benefits, drawbacks and common uses. We will also examine installation considerations and differentiate MDF from high density fiberboard (HDF) flooring. By understanding the ins and outs of this versatile composite board, you can make an informed choice about whether MDF flooring is the right fit for your specific project needs and environment.
What is MDF Flooring?
Medium Density Fiberboard (MDF) is a type of engineered wood product made from wood fibers combined with resin and wax under high pressure and heat. It’s a popular choice in the flooring industry, particularly for use as the core material in laminate and vinyl flooring. Despite being slightly less stable than High Density Fiberboard (HDF), MDF is favored for its cost-effectiveness and excellent machining properties.
Features of MDF Flooring
MDF flooring is characterized by its homogeneous composition, which provides a smooth surface and consistent density throughout the board. This makes it ideal for detailed machining and applications requiring a high-quality finish without natural wood grain patterns. It is also easy to paint and can be made moisture-resistant through specific treatments.
MDF Flooring Thickness
MDF panels come in a variety of thicknesses depending on the intended application.In the context of flooring, MDF can be a component of laminate flooring or engineered wood flooring as a core layer. However, it’s important to note that MDF by itself is not typically used as the top surface for flooring due to its lower moisture resistance and durability compared to other materials like HDF (High Density Fiberboard) or plywood.
Common Thicknesses in Flooring Products Using MDF:
- 8 mm – 10 mm: These are typical thicknesses for laminate flooring products that might use an MDF core. These thicknesses are suitable for residential use where moderate foot traffic is expected.
- 12 mm: Often used in higher-quality laminate flooring, 12 mm thick boards provide a more solid feel underfoot and better acoustical properties. This thickness is preferred for areas with higher traffic or for better noise insulation.
Pros of MDF Flooring
- Cost-Effective: Generally cheaper than solid wood and other high-density materials.
- Easy to Machine: Can be easily cut, shaped, and finished for detailed designs.
- Smooth Surface: Provides a good base for painting and veneers.
Cons of MDF Flooring
- Moisture Sensitivity: Swells and deteriorates when exposed to moisture, making it unsuitable for damp areas unless specially treated.
- Less Stable than HDF: More prone to expansion and contraction under varying climate conditions.
MDF Flooring Usage and Applications
MDF is versatile and used extensively in interior design and construction. It is particularly useful in:
- Furniture Construction: Including cabinets, shelving, and detailed decorative pieces.
- Flooring: As a core material for laminate and vinyl floors.
- Interior Work: For paneling, cladding, and decorative interior projects.
MDF Flooring Prices and Installation
MDF flooring is generally less expensive than many other flooring options, making it a budget-friendly choice. Installation requires careful handling to prevent moisture ingress, and it typically involves laying a vapor barrier on mineral substrates to protect against moisture damage. Additionally, an expansion joint is necessary during installation to accommodate the material’s natural expansion and contraction.
Differences Between MDF and HDF Flooring
While both MDF and HDF are made from compressed wood fibers, the key differences lie in their density and applications:
- Density: HDF is denser than MDF, typically ranging from 800 to 1050 kg/m³, compared to MDF’s 550 to 800 kg/m³.
- Stability and Durability: HDF offers greater dimensional stability and resistance to wear, making it preferable for high-traffic areas and as a carrier board for high-quality laminate floors.
- Application: HDF is often used where a thinner, denser material is required, such as in high-quality laminate flooring cores. MDF, with its greater malleability and smoother surface, is favored for more decorative uses.
MDF vs. HDF Floor, Which One is Better & Which One To Choose?
MDF flooring and HDF flooring, which one should you select for your room? After reviewing this table comparing them you will make the right choice:
| Feature | MDF Flooring | HDF Flooring |
| Material | Made from wood fibres and binders pressed together | Made from smaller wood fibres pressed together |
| Density | Medium density particleboard (670-850 kg/m3) | High density particleboard (700-1200 kg/m3) |
| Strength | Stronger than particleboard but less strong than plywood | Very strong and durable |
| Moisture Resistance | Not water resistant, can swell/warp with moisture | More moisture resistant than MDF |
| Texture | Smooth consistent texture | Smooth consistent texture |
| Cost | More affordable than HDF | More expensive than MDF |
| Installation | Can be installed over any subfloor with suitable underlay | Requires a smooth and even subfloor for installation |
| Usage | Commonly used for flooring in non-wet areas like bedrooms | Suitable for high traffic flooring like kitchens and bathrooms |
| Lifespan | 10-15 years with proper care | 15-20 years with proper care due to higher density |
Here are recommendations for MDF vs HDF flooring in different scenarios:
- Home: MDF is sufficient for most areas like bedrooms. HDF for high traffic/moisture areas like kitchen, bathroom.
- Office: HDF is better suited to withstand traffic in offices, conference rooms. More durable.
- Commercial with high traffic: HDF floors hold up much better to constant heavy foot traffic in retail stores, malls etc.
- Schools: HDF is very durable and impact resistant, good for classrooms and cafeterias. Resists damage from kids.
- Hospitals: HDF is recommended as it is waterproof and germ/bacteria resistant. Necessary in medical facilities.
- Data centers: HDF has better moisture and temperature resistance. Will not degrade if a leak occurs. MDF risks warping.
- Conference rooms: HDF provides a sturdier, uniform surface that maintains its integrity with frequent furniture movement.
- Commercial kitchens: HDF stands up to moisture, heat, impacts of foot traffic and equipment much better than MDF.
- Washrooms/bathrooms: HDF is completely waterproof and withstands moisture from cleaning much better.
MDF Flooring in Raised Floor Systems
MDF is also applied in raised floor systems, where stability, strength, and uniformity are crucial. In these applications, MDF provides a stable and flat base that supports various types of finish materials, from carpets to high-end stone laminates. Its ability to be machined to precise tolerances allows for the creation of interlocking modular systems that are easy to install and maintain. Moreover, the inherent properties of MDF, such as its acoustic dampening and ability to support significant loads, make it an excellent choice for office buildings, data centers, and other commercial spaces.
MDF flooring offers a practical and cost-effective solution for many interior design and construction projects. While it may not be suitable for all environments, particularly those prone to moisture, its ease of use and versatility in applications make it a popular choice among designers and builders. Understanding the specific characteristics and differences between MDF and HDF can help in selecting the right material for your project needs.